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Chinese giant salamander
The Chinese giant salamander (''Andrias davidianus'') is the largest salamander and largest amphibian in the world, reaching a length of , although it rarely—if ever—reaches that size today.〔(''Andrias davidianus'' ) -Amphibiaweb〕 It is endemic to rocky, mountain streams and lakes in China. It also occurs in Taiwan, probably as a result of introduction.〔 It is considered critically endangered due to habitat loss, pollution, and overcollection, as it is considered a delicacy and used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has been listed as one of the top 10 "focal species" in 2008 by the Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) project. The Chinese giant salamander is considered to be a "living fossil."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.chinesegiantsalamanders.org )〕 This species is classified as critically endangered in the IUCN Red List because of a massive population decline of more than 80% since the 1950s.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.sospecies.org/sos_projects/pilot_projects/edge_of_existence/chinese_giant_salamander/ )〕
== Taxonomy ==
The correct scientific name of this species has been argued to be ''Andrias scheuchzeri'' (in which case ''Andrias davidianus'' would be a junior synonym) – a name otherwise restricted to an extinct species described from Swiss fossils.〔(Amphibian Species of the World 5.2. ) Genus ''Andrias''. Retrieved 2008-12-28.〕 It has also been given the moniker of "living fossil" for being part of the family Cryptobranchidae which dates back 170 million years.〔 It is one of only three extant species of the family, the others being the slightly smaller, but otherwise very similar Japanese giant salamander (''Andrias japonicus''), and the far smaller North American hellbender (''Cryptobranchus alleganiensis'').
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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